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The Upgrading and Downgrading of Occupations: Issues, Evidence, and Implications for Education

Duke University

This paper reviews a major debate that has implications for educational research and policy communities. The debate concerns the skill upgrading versus downgrading of occupations in the United States and relationships to schooling and vocational preparation. The review summarizes the major positions in the debate, surveys the evidence on skill changes, including methodological and design issues and concepts and measures for skill, and discusses research and policy implications for general and vocational education.

Review of Educational Research, Vol. 55, No. 2, 125-154 (1985)
DOI: 10.3102/00346543055002125


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