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A Review of the Research on Interventions for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: What Works Best?

Queensland University of Technology

John Hattie

University of Auckland

Annemaree Carroll

University of Queensland

This meta-analysis examined 74 studies in which there had been an intervention that aimed to improve the behavioral, cognitive, and/or social functioning of people with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), or attention deficit disorder (ADD). Overall, there were larger effects of the various interventions on behavioral than on educational outcomes. These overall effects were larger for medical interventions than for educational, psychosocial, or parent training interventions, but there was little support for flow-over effects, from the reduction in behavior problems to enhanced educational outcomes. The effects on educational outcomes were greater for educational interventions than for other types of intervention.

Key Words: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder • educational interventions • medical interventions • meta-analysis • psychological interventions

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