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Models of Innovative Knowledge Communities and Three Metaphors of Learning

University of Helsinki

The authors analyze and compare three models of innovative knowledge communities: Nonaka and Takeuchi’s model of knowledge-creation, Engeström’s model of expansive learning, and Bereiter’s model of knowledge building. Despite basic differences, these models have pertinent features in common: Most fundamentally, they emphasize dynamic processes for transforming prevailing knowledge and practices. Beyond characterizing learning as knowledge acquisition (the acquisition metaphor) and as participation in a social community (the participation metaphor), the authors of this article distinguish a third aspect: learning (and intelligent activity in general) as knowledge creation (the knowledge-creation metaphor). This approach focuses on investigating mediated processes of knowledge creation that have become especially important in a knowledge society.

Key Words: expansive learning • innovative knowledge community • knowledge building • knowledge creation • metaphors of learning

Review of Educational Research, Vol. 74, No. 4, 557-576 (2004)
DOI: 10.3102/00346543074004557


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