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Student Employment and Higher Education: Empiricism and ContradictionSouthern Indiana Rehab Hospital, New Albany, Indiana University of Louisville University of Louisville Metropolitan College, Louisville, Kentucky University of Louisville
College student employment has been increasing steadily for at least four decades. At present, approximately 80% of all college students are employed while completing their undergraduate education. Even among students under the age of 24 at 4-year colleges, more than 50% are employed during the school year. Although some general trends are suggested by empirical research completed to date, studies that evaluate student employment and higher education are at times inconsistent and even contradictory. Despite the high prevalence of student employment, no theoretical models have been developed to explain the relationship between employment and student outcomes. This article briefly reviews the student employment–higher education empirical literature. Possible reasons for inconsistencies are suggested, including challenges posed by methodological issues and the absence of theoretical conceptualization. Some concluding suggestions are offered for addressing these empirical challenges.
Key Words: higher education • retention • student employment
Review of Educational Research, Vol. 76, No. 1,
63-92 (2006) 
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